MariaDB sur Debian 12

Installation et configuration de MariaDB standalone.

Composant	Version
Debian	12 Bookworm
MariaDB	10.11

Durée estimée : 20 minutes

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1. Installation

apt update
apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client

# Vérifier
mariadb --version

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2. Configuration du Firewall

ufw allow 3306/tcp
ufw status

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3. Configuration

cat > /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-custom.cnf << 'EOF'
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
max_connections = 200
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# Logs
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 2
EOF

systemctl restart mariadb

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4. Sécurisation

mariadb-secure-installation

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5. Créer une base

mariadb -u root -p << 'EOF'
CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'appuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'SecurePass123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON appdb.* TO 'appuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EOF

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6. Backup

# Dump
mariadb-dump -u root -p appdb > /backup/appdb.sql

# Cron quotidien
echo "0 2 * * * root mariadb-dump -u root -p'xxx' --all-databases | gzip > /backup/mariadb-\$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql.gz" > /etc/cron.d/mariadb-backup

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Différences Rocky vs Debian

Aspect	Rocky 9	Debian 12
Config dir	/etc/my.cnf.d/	/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/
Service	mariadb	mariadb
Data dir	/var/lib/mysql	/var/lib/mysql
Socket	/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock	/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

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Changelog

Date	Modification
2024-12	Création initiale