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Zabbix sur Rocky Linux 9

Installation de Zabbix pour le monitoring enterprise.

Composant Version
Rocky Linux 9.x
Zabbix 6.4+
MariaDB 10.5+
Apache/Nginx Latest

Durée estimée : 45 minutes

Architecture

┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐     ┌─────────────────┐
│  Zabbix Agent   │────►│  Zabbix Server  │◄────│  Zabbix Proxy   │
│  (hosts)        │     │  (central)      │     │  (remote sites) │
└─────────────────┘     └────────┬────────┘     └─────────────────┘
                               │
                    ┌──────────┼──────────┐
                    ▼          ▼          ▼
             ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
             │ MariaDB  │ │ Frontend │ │ Alerting │
             └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘

1. Prérequis

Base de données

dnf install -y mariadb-server
systemctl enable --now mariadb
mysql_secure_installation

Apache et PHP

dnf install -y httpd php php-mysqlnd php-gd php-bcmath php-mbstring php-xml php-ldap

2. Installation Zabbix

Ajouter le repository

rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.4-1.el9.noarch.rpm
dnf clean all

Installer les composants

dnf install -y zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-selinux-policy zabbix-agent

3. Configuration base de données

mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin;
CREATE USER 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'zabbix_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost';
SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Importer le schéma

zcat /usr/share/zabbix-sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uzabbix -p zabbix

Désactiver log_bin_trust_function_creators

mysql -u root -p -e "SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 0;"

4. Configuration Zabbix Server

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix_password

# Performance
StartPollers=10
StartPollersUnreachable=5
StartTrappers=5
StartPingers=5
StartDiscoverers=3

# Cache
CacheSize=128M
HistoryCacheSize=64M
TrendCacheSize=32M
ValueCacheSize=64M

# Alerting
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts

5. Configuration PHP

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf

php_value[date.timezone] = Europe/Paris
php_value[max_execution_time] = 300
php_value[memory_limit] = 128M
php_value[post_max_size] = 16M
php_value[upload_max_filesize] = 2M
php_value[max_input_time] = 300
php_value[max_input_vars] = 10000

6. SELinux

setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_zabbix on
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db on
setsebool -P zabbix_can_network on

7. Démarrer les services

systemctl enable --now zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd php-fpm
systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd php-fpm

8. Firewall

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp  # Server
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp  # Agent
firewall-cmd --reload

9. Configuration Frontend

  1. Ouvrir http://IP/zabbix
  2. Suivre l'assistant d'installation
  3. Credentials par défaut : Admin / zabbix

10. Zabbix Agent (sur les hôtes)

Installation

rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/rhel/9/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.4-1.el9.noarch.rpm
dnf install -y zabbix-agent

Configuration

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

Server=192.168.1.10
ServerActive=192.168.1.10
Hostname=client-hostname
EnableRemoteCommands=1
LogFileSize=10

Démarrer

systemctl enable --now zabbix-agent
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

11. Zabbix Agent 2 (moderne)

dnf install -y zabbix-agent2 zabbix-agent2-plugin-*

vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf

Server=192.168.1.10
ServerActive=192.168.1.10
Hostname=client-hostname

systemctl enable --now zabbix-agent2

12. Templates et découverte

Ajouter un hôte

  1. Configuration → Hosts → Create host
  2. Hostname, Groups, Interface (Agent)
  3. Templates : Linux by Zabbix agent

Auto-découverte

  1. Configuration → Discovery
  2. IP range, checks (Zabbix agent, SNMP, etc.)

Auto-registration

# Sur l'agent
HostMetadata=Linux

13. Alerting

Email

  1. Administration → Media types → Email
  2. SMTP server, port, credentials
  3. Users → Media → Add email

Webhook (Slack/Teams)

  1. Administration → Media types → Slack/MS Teams
  2. Configurer le webhook URL

14. Monitoring avancé

SNMP

dnf install -y net-snmp net-snmp-utils

JMX (Java)

dnf install -y zabbix-java-gateway
systemctl enable --now zabbix-java-gateway

# zabbix_server.conf
JavaGateway=127.0.0.1
JavaGatewayPort=10052
StartJavaPollers=5

15. Proxy (sites distants)

dnf install -y zabbix-proxy-mysql

# zabbix_proxy.conf
Server=zabbix-server-ip
Hostname=proxy-name
DBName=zabbix_proxy
ProxyMode=0  # Active

Maintenance

# Housekeeping
# Dans zabbix_server.conf
HousekeepingFrequency=1
MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000

# Purge historique (SQL)
DELETE FROM history WHERE clock < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW() - INTERVAL 30 DAY);
DELETE FROM trends WHERE clock < UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW() - INTERVAL 365 DAY);

Commandes utiles

# Status serveur
zabbix_server -R config_cache_reload
zabbix_server -R housekeeper_execute

# Test agent
zabbix_get -s 192.168.1.20 -k system.hostname
zabbix_get -s 192.168.1.20 -k agent.ping

# Logs
tail -f /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
tail -f /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

Dépannage

Problème Solution
Agent unreachable Vérifier firewall, port 10050
Permission denied SELinux, vérifier booleans
DB connection Vérifier credentials
Frontend lent Augmenter cache PHP 
# Debug
zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf -f
journalctl -u zabbix-server -f

Changelog

Date Modification
2024-12 Création initiale