Serveur NFS sur Debian 12

Configuration d'un serveur NFS (Network File System) v4.

Composant	Version
Debian	12 Bookworm
NFS	v4.2

Durée estimée : 20 minutes

1. Installation

apt update
apt install -y nfs-kernel-server nfs-common

2. Configuration du Firewall

# Avec UFW
ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port nfs
ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 111

# Vérifier
ufw status

3. Créer les répertoires

mkdir -p /srv/nfs/share
mkdir -p /srv/nfs/homes

chown -R nobody:nogroup /srv/nfs/share
chmod 755 /srv/nfs/share

4. Configuration des exports

cat > /etc/exports << 'EOF'
/srv/nfs/share    192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
/srv/nfs/homes    192.168.1.50(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
EOF

5. Démarrer le service

# Appliquer les exports
exportfs -arv

# Redémarrer
systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server

# Vérifier
systemctl status nfs-kernel-server
exportfs -s

6. Client Debian

# Installation
apt install -y nfs-common

# Montage
mkdir -p /mnt/nfs/share
mount -t nfs4 192.168.1.10:/srv/nfs/share /mnt/nfs/share

# Permanent (fstab)
echo "192.168.1.10:/srv/nfs/share /mnt/nfs/share nfs4 defaults,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

Différences Rocky vs Debian

Aspect	Rocky 9	Debian 12
Paquet serveur	`nfs-utils`	`nfs-kernel-server`
Service	`nfs-server`	`nfs-kernel-server`
User nobody	`nobody:nobody`	`nobody:nogroup`
SELinux/AppArmor	SELinux	AppArmor

Changelog

Date	Modification
2024-12	Création initiale