Serveur Samba sur Debian 12

Configuration d'un serveur de fichiers Samba (SMB/CIFS).

Composant	Version
Debian	12 Bookworm
Samba	4.x

Durée estimée : 25 minutes

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1. Installation

apt update
apt install -y samba samba-common-bin

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2. Configuration du Firewall

ufw allow samba
ufw status

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3. Configuration

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak

cat > /etc/samba/smb.conf << 'EOF'
[global]
    workgroup = WORKGROUP
    server string = Samba Server %v
    security = user
    map to guest = Bad User
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
    max log size = 50
    server min protocol = SMB2

[share]
    comment = Partage commun
    path = /srv/samba/share
    browsable = yes
    writable = yes
    guest ok = no
    valid users = @sambashare
    create mask = 0664
    directory mask = 0775

[public]
    comment = Partage public
    path = /srv/samba/public
    browsable = yes
    writable = yes
    guest ok = yes
EOF

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4. Créer les répertoires et utilisateurs

# Répertoires
mkdir -p /srv/samba/{share,public}
chmod 2775 /srv/samba/share
chmod 2777 /srv/samba/public

# Groupe et utilisateur
groupadd sambashare
useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin -G sambashare smbuser

# Mot de passe Samba
smbpasswd -a smbuser
smbpasswd -e smbuser

# Permissions
chown -R :sambashare /srv/samba/share

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5. Démarrer le service

systemctl restart smbd nmbd
systemctl enable smbd nmbd
systemctl status smbd

# Tester
testparm

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6. Client

# Lister les partages
smbclient -L //192.168.1.10 -U smbuser

# Monter
apt install -y cifs-utils
mount -t cifs //192.168.1.10/share /mnt/samba -o username=smbuser

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Différences Rocky vs Debian

Aspect	Rocky 9	Debian 12
Service	smb	smbd
SELinux/AppArmor	SELinux	AppArmor
Groupe par défaut	smbgroup	sambashare

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Changelog

Date	Modification
2024-12	Création initiale